Pdf ruby laser

Jump to Page. Search inside document. Documents Similar To Ruby Laser. Kuldip Sahni. Miguel Salinas. Lino Rodrigues. Sinan Abdullah Rehman Khan. David DoctorShopper.

Nadhrah Murad. Arbnor Kica. Sriram Sinha. Chad Smith. Omanakuttan Kr. Rajas Khokle. Neil Patrick Cartajenas. More From arpitremarkable. Popular in Lasers. The laser beam comes out in the form of a pulse of very short duration about a millisecond. The continuous wave operation of the system is very difficult to achieve.

Only 1 to 2 per cent of the input is utilized to obtain the laser action. The rest is dissipated. Attached Files for Direct Download. It is a solid-state laser, in which a rod of a synthetic ruby crystal is used as an active medium. The ruby crystal is obtained by doping a small amount about 0.

These chromium ions give the crystal a pink or red color depending upon the doping concentration. Al2O3 only acts as the host while the chromium ions act as active centers in ruby crystal and responsible for the laser action. The process of depositing thin layers of metals on glass substrates to make mirror surfaces is called silvering.

Each mirror is coated or silvered differently. At one end of the rod, the mirror is fully silvered whereas, at another end, the mirror is partially silvered.

The fully silvered mirror will completely reflect the light whereas the partially silvered mirror will reflect most part of the light but allows a small portion of light through it to produce output laser light. The ruby laser is a three level solid-state laser. In a ruby laser, optical pumping technique is used to supply energy to the laser medium. Optical pumping is a technique in which light is used as energy source to raise electrons from lower energy level to the higher energy level.

Consider a ruby laser medium consisting of three energy levels E 1 , E 2 , E 3 with N number of electrons. The energy level E 1 is known as ground state or lower energy state, the energy level E 2 is known as metastable state, and the energy level E 3 is known as pump state.

Let us assume that initially most of the electrons are in the lower energy state E 1 and only a tiny number of electrons are in the excited states E 2 and E 3. When light energy is supplied to the laser medium ruby , the electrons in the lower energy state or ground state E 1 gains enough energy and jumps into the pump state E 3.

The lifetime of pump state E 3 is very small 10 -8 sec so the electrons in the pump state do not stay for long period.